Past Perfect Tense (befejezett múlt idő)

Befejezett múlt időről akkor beszélünk, ha:

  • a múltbeli cselevés/történés már a múltban befejeződött, és megvan annak az eredménye (ez az eredmény a múltra is hatással lehet)
  • két múltbeli esemény közül az egyik (amihez viszonyítjuk, az pedig vagy vége van már, vagy még nem)

 

Képzése: had + főige 3. alakja

Állítás: alany+had+ige3

Kérdés: had+alany+ige3

Tagadva kérdez: had+not+alany+ige3     (had not = hadn't)

Tagadás: alany+had+not+ige3      (had not = hadn't)

személy
/szám		 Állítás Állítás rövid Kérdés Tagadva kérdez
rövid		 Tagadás Tagadás rövid
E/1 I had ige3 I'd ige3 Had I  ige3? Hadn't I  ige3? I had not ige3 I hadn't ige3
E/2 You had ige3 You'd ige3 Had you  ige3? Hadn't you ige3? You had not ige3 You hadn't ige3
E/3 He/she/it had ige3 He/she/it'd ige3 Had he/she/it  ige3? Hadn't he/he/it  ige3? He/she/it had not ige3 He/she/it hadn't ige3
T/1 We had ige3 We'd ige3 Had we ige3? Hadn't we  ige3? We had not ige3 We hadn't ige3
T/2 You had ige3 You'd ige3 Had you ige3? Hadn't you ige3? You had not ige3 You hadn't ige3
T/3 They had ige3 They'd ige3 Had they ige3? Hadn't they  ige3? They had not ige3 They hadn't ige3

 

Jellemző időhatározók, kötőszavakra példa:

  • when > mikor, amikor
  • before > előtt, előtte, azt megelőzően
  • after > miután, utána
  • by that time > addigra

 

Néhány ige ragozása, összehaonlítva a befejezett jelennel:

to work:

szám/
személy		 befejezett jelen befejezett múlt
E/1 I have worked I had worked
E/2 You have worked You had worked
E/3 He/she/it has worked He/he/it had worked
T/1 We have worked We had worked
T/2 You have worked You had worked
T/3 They have worked They had worked

 

to be:

szám/
személy		 befejezett jelen befejezett múlt
E/1 I have been I had been
E/2 You have been You had been
E/3 He/she/it has been He/he/it had been
T/1 We have been We had been
T/2 You have been You had been
T/3 They have been They had been

 

to have:

szám/
személy		 befejezett jelen befejezett múlt
E/1 I have had I had had
E/2 You have had You had had
E/3 He/she/it has had He/he/it had had
T/1 We have had We had had
T/2 You have had You had had
T/3 They have had They had had

 

to do:

szám/
személy		 befejezett jelen befejezett múlt
E/1 I have done I had done
E/2 You have done You had done
E/3 He/she/it has done He/he/it had done
T/1 We have done We had done
T/2 You have done You had done
T/3 They have done They had done